Because Strings are immutable, simple operations can be costly if done incorrectly. Here is how to handle them.

Common Operations:

1. Concatenation: Joining two strings together.
2. Substring: Extracting a portion of a string.
3. Length: Counting the number of characters.
4. Searching: Finding the index of a specific character or pattern.

Java Implementation: String Methods

public class StringBasics {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. Creation
        String str1 = "Hello";              // String Literal (Stored in Pool)
        String str2 = new String("World");  // String Object (Stored in Heap)

        // 2. Concatenation
        String result = str1 + " " + str2; 
        System.out.println(result); // Output: Hello World

        // 3. Length (O(1))
        System.out.println("Length: " + result.length()); // Output: 11

        // 4. CharAt (Accessing character at index - O(1))
        System.out.println("Char at index 1: " + str1.charAt(1)); // Output: e

        // 5. Substring (Extracting part - O(n))
        // substring(start, end) -> includes start, excludes end
        System.out.println("Substring: " + result.substring(0, 5)); // Output: Hello

        // 6. Equality Check (Critical in Java!)
        // ALWAYS use .equals(), NEVER use == for strings
        System.out.println(str1.equals("Hello")); // true
    }
}