Conditional (Decision-Making) Statements
These statements execute a block of code only when a certain condition is true.
- if Statement:- The if statement checks a condition. If the condition is true, the block of code inside the if is executed.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// code to execute if condition is true
}
Example:
int age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
cout << “Eligible to vote.”;
}
- if-else Statement:- The if-else statement adds an alternative block of code if the condition is false.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// code if condition is true
} else {
// code if condition is false
}
Example:
int age = 16;
if (age >= 18) {
cout << “Eligible to vote.”;
} else {
cout << “Not eligible to vote.”;
}
- if-else-if Ladder:- Used to check multiple conditions in sequence.
Syntax:
if (condition1) {
// code
} else if (condition2) {
// code
} else {
// code
}
Example:
int marks = 75;
if (marks >= 90) {
cout << “Grade A”;
} else if (marks >= 75) {
cout << “Grade B”;
} else {
cout << “Grade C”;
}
- switch Statement:- The switch statement selects one of many blocks to execute based on a variable’s value.
Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value1:
// code
break;
case value2:
// code
break;
default:
// default code
}
Example:
int day = 3;
switch (day) {
case 1: cout << “Monday”; break;
case 2: cout << “Tuesday”; break;
case 3: cout << “Wednesday”; break;
default: cout << “Invalid day”;
}