Call by Value vs Call by Reference:

• Call by Value: A copy of the variable is passed — changes do not affect the original.
• Call by Reference: Address of the variable is passed — changes affect the original variable (done using pointers).

• Recursion:

A function calling itself is called a recursive function.

Example:

int factorial(int n) {

   if (n == 0) return 1;

   else return n * factorial(n – 1);

}

Storage Classes (Brief Overview):